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The laboratory reagents offered by Avantor Performance Materials Poland S.A. (formerly POCH Poland S.A.) can be characterized by the highest quality improved for over 60 years of the company existence. In order to provide high quality of the offered assortment, our products are subject to unique technological regime both during manufacturing as well as packaging or filling up. These processes conform to the ISO 9001 Quality System Certificate and ISO 14001 Environment Management System.
Chemical reagents:
All chemical substances or their mixes destined for laboratory work, mostly for chemical analyses, are commonly called chemical reagents.
Characteristic features of the reagents:
- Unequivocally defined and guaranteed quality parameters of substances, determining both content of the main constituent and admissible level of contamination,
- determined shelf life,
- method of packaging appropriate for laboratory use,
- packages that provide stability of substance constitution during storing.
Chemical reagents, except for the main application in chemical analysis, are also used to perform scientific and research works, for preparation works and as raw materials for manufacturing other substances on a small scale.
As regards quality, chemical reagents are divided to:
- pure reagents for analysis (pure for analysis, PA) - this is the basic group of reagents of quality level selected optimally to perform chemical analyses. They are more versatile as regards application in everyday work in laboratory,
- pure reagents (pure) - in relation to reagents of "analytically pure" class, they are of lower guaranteed quality parameters. In laboratory applications, they are used as auxiliary substances or as substrates for syntheses,
- special purpose reagents - characteristic feature of these reagents is their specialised purpose. Their guaranteed quality parameters were selected from the point of view of application for accurately specified types of analyses or analytical techniques.
Among other things, this group of reagents consists of:
- solvents for chromatography and spectroscopy,
- reagents for environmental analyses and pesticide analyses,
- high purity acids for trace analyses,
- standards,
- indicators,
- reagents for pharmaceutical analyses (meeting the Pharmacopoeia requirements).
Detailed information on Avantor Performance Materials Poland chemical reagents are contained in the products catalogue. Moreover, it also covers quality specifications and material safety data sheets related to reagents offered by our Company.
Our reagents are mostly packed using a few variants of weighed amounts so you could run more rational economy of the utilised reagents. The Avantor Performance Materials Poland reagents are subject to rigorous procedures of quality control in order to provide goods consistent with the declared parameters.
Solvents:
Solvents are liquids able to dissolve other substances, i.e. to create liquid solutions (uniform liquid mixes). Chemical constitution of a solvent indicates type of substances that shall dissolve well in it, i.e. for example, polar substances (water, liquid ammonia) are good solvents for other polar substances and for electrolytes. However, substances of low polarity or non-polar ones (for example, hydrocarbons) dissolve well in non-polar solvents (for instance, petrol). That is why, when selecting a solvent, use the principle "dissolve similar substance in similar one".
Characteristics of popular solvents:
|
Solvent
|
Molecular
weight
|
Density
at 20oC
|
Dielectric
constant
|
Solubility
in water g/100
|
|
Acetone
|
58
|
0,79
|
20,7
|
∞
|
|
Benzene
|
78
|
0,88
|
2,3
|
0,18
|
|
Cyclohexane
|
84
|
0,78
|
2,0
|
0,01
|
|
Dichloromethane
|
85
|
1,33
|
8,9
|
1,30
|
|
Ethanol
|
46
|
0,79
|
24,6
|
∞
|
|
Ether
|
74
|
0,71
|
4,3
|
6,0
|
|
Tetrahydrofuran
|
72
|
0,89
|
7,6
|
∞
|
|
Toluene
|
92
|
0,87
|
2,4
|
0,05
|
|
Water
|
18
|
1,00
|
80,2
|
-
|
Solvents are used in:
- extraction (separation) of mixes of solids and liquids. Separation can take place in solid body - liquid body system and liquid body - liquid body system,
- creating a reaction environment - the basic condition is inertia of solvent in relation to reaction constituents: substrates, products, catalysts etc.
- thinning and dissolving.
Concentrated volumetric solution and standard volumetric solutions: (New brochure).
Concentrated volumetric solution is a specified quantity of pure substance (in a form of weighed solid substance or precisely measured volume of solution closed in a vial) destined for preparing standard volumetric solution. After opening the vial, pour it by volume into a measurement flask of given volume and after filling with water up to a line, you get a solution of requested concentration. The weighed amounts offered by our Company are of handy usable form, they are easy for application as well as they can be easily stored due to small dimensions.
Standard volumetric solutions play the significant role in all titrimetric methods of analysis. These solutions should be of appropriate properties, methods of their preparation as well as of expressing concentrations should also be known (known molar concentration of the given substance or known titre). Ready made standard volumetric solutions offered by our Company allow saving time and reagents of analysts necessary to make a solution and determinate is titre. Standard volumetric solutions in Cubitainer_ type packaging are especially convenient usable form. Solution of titre, guaranteed by us, necessary for carrying out analysis is poured out of the packaging using a tap, which facilitates dosing and reduces the risk of contamination. Since 2011 volumetric solutions produced by Avantor Performance Materials Poland are available also as standards traceable to NIST (new brochure).
Buffer solutions:
Many reactions, to the great extent, depend on concentration of oxonium ions in used solutions, that is why pH regulation is so important. Regulation of pH is performed using pH buffers, which are, for instance, solutions of weak acid and its salts with strong base or weak base and its salts with strong acid. The buffer solutions show constant concentration of oxonium ions, which in practice does not change during thinning or after adding small quantities of strong acids or bases. This is because pH in such solvents depends on ratio of the buffer solution constituents concentration and not on their absolute concentrations.
Our assortment contain buffer solutions of pH within the range from 1 to 10, used, for example, to calibrate pH-meter as well as buffers for releasing, made according to Pharmacopoeia, of precisely determined buffer capacity, used, for instance, during medicines analyses to image conditions in human body.
Indicators:
Indicators are substances which enable visual recognition of the end point of titration based on change of colouring, dullness etc. The main criterion of indexes division is titration type, which they are used for. Thus, the most important types are:
- " acid-base indicators (pH indicators) - they change their colour within the specified range of pH solution and are used for acid-base titration (for example methyl orange, phenolphthalein),
- adsorption indicators - used for precipitation titration (for example eosin, alizarin red),
- metallochromic indicators - used for compleximetric titration (for example eriochrome black, kalces, murexide),
- redox indicators - used for oxidimetric and reductometric titration (for example 1,10-phenanthroline, diphenylamine).
The offer of Avantor Performance Materials Poland includes wide range of indicators supplied in analytical samples optimum for laboratory use.
Acids:
When talking about acids, we usually think about their aqueous solutions. There are a few theories related with acids. According to Arrhenius - they are compounds, which in water reactions dissociate to oxonium cation and acid radical anion. Acids divide to oxyacids and hydracids and to strong ones, which dissociate completely in water solutions, for example, HCl and weak, which do not completely dissociate in water solutions, for example 3PO4.Below, please, find a list of common acids in sequence from the strongest acid to the weakest one.
The Avantor Performance Materials Poland offer includes the whole range of acids of differentiated concentrations and purity levels, destined both for performing basic analyses as well as for mineralization of samples by means of determination performed using AAS and ICP techniques.
Standards:
Chemical standards are single chemical compounds or elements that are characterized by known constitution (specified in attestation), high purity and stability. They are used as reference materials, for example, in instrumental analyses and enable checking results of laboratory work.
They standards can be divided to:
- primary standards - the standards commonly recognized due to high metrological quality; their value is commonly recognized without necessity to refer to other standards,
- secondary standards - standards which characteristics has been determined as a result of comparison with primary standards,
- certified reference materials - reference materials with appropriate certificate, which one or more characteristic features (properties) was determined using a procedure that provides, through a continuous chain of comparisons, measurement coherence with the basic unit, in which this feature is expressed; measurement uncertainty (at given confidence level) at which the certified value is determined is also stated,
- reference materials - materials or substances, that one or more characteristic features (properties) is sufficiently well determined and homogenous that reference material could be used for calibration of measurement device, assessment of analytical method or use for testing other materials.
The Avantor Performance Materials Poland offer, among other things, includes standards and reference materials:
- pure substances for GC,
- metals to AAS, ICP,
- environmentally-related, for example, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, pesticides.
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